Radiation Therapy

Radiation Therapy

Radiation therapy, known as radiotherapy in the UK, Canada, and Australia, and abbreviated as XRT or DXT, involves the use of ionizing radiation in medical settings, primarily as a means of treating cancer by controlling or eliminating malignant cells. It is often a curative option for localized cancers and can also be employed alongside surgery to prevent tumor recurrence or as part of a comprehensive treatment plan involving chemotherapy.

The therapy works by directing ionizing radiation at cancerous tumors, damaging their DNA and ultimately causing cellular death. To minimize harm to surrounding healthy tissues, radiation beams are carefully targeted from multiple angles to intersect precisely at the tumor site, delivering a higher dose of radiation to the cancer cells while sparing nearby organs or skin. Additionally, radiation fields may encompass lymph nodes associated with the tumor or at risk of harboring malignant cells.

Radiation oncology, distinct from radiology, involves the prescription and delivery of radiation therapy, with treatment goals ranging from curative to palliative. It may be used alone or in combination with surgery, chemotherapy, hormone therapy, or immunotherapy, depending on the specific characteristics of the cancer and the patient's overall health.

The therapy can cause both acute and long-term side effects, including fatigue and skin irritation resembling a mild to moderate sunburn. These effects are typically confined to the treatment area and can be managed to some extent. Modern radiation therapy aims to minimize side effects while maximizing treatment efficacy, with patient education and support playing integral roles in the therapeutic process.