Posturography

Posturography

Posturography is a broad term encompassing various techniques used to measure postural control in both static and dynamic conditions while standing upright. One prominent method within posturography is Computerized Dynamic Posturography (CDP), also known as the Test of Balance (TOB).

CDP is a specialized clinical assessment approach that non-invasively quantifies the adaptive mechanisms of the central nervous system—sensory, motor, and central—that contribute to posture and balance control. It is employed in diverse settings, ranging from normal activities like physical education and sports training to abnormal conditions such as diagnosing balance disorders and facilitating physical therapy and postural re-education.

Given the intricate interplay of sensory, motor, and central processes governing posture and balance, CDP employs various protocols to discern the array of defects and impairments affecting the patient's postural control system. These protocols utilize different combinations of visual and support surface stimuli and parameters to challenge the system effectively.

Static posturography involves placing the patient on a fixed instrumented platform (force plate) equipped with sensitive detectors capable of detecting subtle body oscillations. In contrast, dynamic posturography utilizes a specialized apparatus with a movable horizontal platform. Real-time information about the patient's movements is transmitted to a computer, which also controls electric motors to induce translations and rotations of the force plate. Consequently, standardized motions are generated to systematically disrupt the patient's posture, with stimuli calibrated based on the patient's physical characteristics.

Test protocols typically encompass a Sensory Organization Test (SOT), a Motor Control Test (MCT), and an Adaptation Test (ADT). These protocols measure spontaneous body sways and responses to unexpected platform and visual stimuli.

Depending on diagnostic requirements, CDP can be combined with other techniques like electronystagmography (ENG) and electromyography.

CDP is primarily indicated for conditions such as dizziness, vertigo, and balance disorders, aiding clinicians in assessing and managing these symptoms effectively.